BOSSIER CITY, LA—FEBRUARY 8, 209—A pair of two-year-old homebreds racing for owner/breeder Mercy Hinklins Horse Farm LLC book-ended eight schooling races for Harrah's Entertainment Futurity(G3) hopefuls on Friday by posting wins in the opening and closing races and recording the top two times from 41 juveniles who participate. Both 2-year-olds were saddled by trainer Lanny Keith and ridden by jockey Everado Rodriguez. Seis Train B, a bay colt by multiple grade 1 sire Freighttrain B closed out the 220 yard eight-race card with a three-quarter length win off the inside rail while recording the fastest time of :12.186 seconds. Out of the restricted grade 1 finalist Legendary Seis, by ...

OKLAHOMA CITY, OK—FEBRUARY 5, 2019—The initial day of training races in preparation for the upcoming American Quarter Horse, Paint and Appaloosa season at Remington Park, is in the books. The top time of the session went to JC Storm in the first event of the day. Cool temperatures in the mid-30s and foggy skies set an interesting atmosphere as horses used the training races to prove their readiness for actual competition. Owned by Jose Cervantes of Mustang, Okla., and trained by Luis Villafranco, JC Storm won the opening 250-yard race in 13.851 seconds over a fast track, with the help of a slight northeasterly tailwind of 6 ...

PORTLAND, OR—FEBRUARY 3, 2019—A late rush and a head bob at the wire, under jockey David Martin, propelled Shez Sneakin Fast (17-1) to a nose victory over post-time favorite Corona B Gone in the $13,600 Mount Hood Handicap (not black type) Sunday afternoon at Portland Meadows. Shez Sneakin Fast's stablemate and half-brother, the multiple stakes-placed Sneakin Tr, finished a head back in the blanket finish to get third. The daughter of leading sire Heza Fast Dash completed the 400 yard course in :20.117 seconds, into a 5 mph headwind on a fast race surface, equaling 95 speed index. It was the sixth career win in 24 starts for the sorrel mare. The $6,800 Mount Hood winners' purse pushes Shez Sneakin Fast earnings total past $37,000. ...

BOSSIER CITY, LA—JANUARY 29, 2019—It's no surprise to see conditioner Josue Huitron win stakes races in Louisiana, but today at Harrah's Louisiana Downs, he was both the owner and trainer of Freakin Patriot Dash in the $25,000 Magnolia Stakes. It was a determined effort by the son of Game Patriot out of the Streak and Dash mare Freakin Dash. Ridden for the second time this meet by jockey Pedro Espinosa, the 4-year-old gelding captured his first career stakes this afternoon. Perhaps he sent notice that he was primed for a big effort when he won a $5,000 claiming event at 870-yards here on ...

CYPRESS, CA—FEBRUARY 2, 2019—Rite Quick got up at the wire to defeat Kiss N Air by a head Friday night at Los Alamitos, winning his fourth consecutive race and first career stakes win in the $18,000 Blink Of An Eye Handicap. The 4-year-old son of multiple grade 1 sire Favorite Cartel broke in under jockey Alberto Zepeda but still completed the 100 yard dash in a final clocking of :6.536 seconds, into a 4 mph headwind. Conditioned by trainer Yanet Rodriguez, the Alberto Rosiles owned runner kicked off his current four-race win streak when he broke his maiden last November. The gray picked off two consecutive allowance wins at Los ...

BOSSIER CITY, LA—FEBRUARY 1, 2019—The highly anticipated official debut of this year's 2-year-old crop took another step closer on Friday when Louisiana Downs hosted 14 training races for state-bred juveniles who remain eligible for trials later this month for the $250,000 Mardi Gras Futurity(G1). AQHA Racing Champion 3-Year-Old and first-crop sire Apollitical Blood had two winners from his four starters including Escandalo who completed the 220 yards in :12.262 seconds in the Race 2. Under jockey Eddie Sanchez the bay filly got up over Eyesa Jettin by three-quarters. Trainer Arthur ...

SELMA, TX—FEBRUARY 1, 2019—Jess Dashin Along,a $6,500 repurchase for owner/breeder Pete Scarmardo at the 2018 TQHA Yearling Sale posted the fastest time from 10 schooling races conducted today (Friday) at Retama Park. One of five winners saddled Friday by trainer Leon Bard, Jess Dashin Along completed the 250 yards in :13.77 seconds, in ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—JANUARY 27, 2019—Scott Bryant, Joe Dee Brooks, Lee Lewis and Derrol Hubbard's Apollitical Flying posted the fastest qualifying time to the $101,000 Los Alamitos Maiden Stakes (not black type) for 3-year-olds after pulling away late to beat Jesus Avila's Kid Comeback in the fourth and final trial on Sunday at Los Alamitos Race Course. Led by Apollitical Flying, a total of 34 horses competed in the Maiden Stakes trials at 350 yards with the horses with the 10 fastest times returning here for the final on Sunday, February 17. Horses had to have been maidens as of December 1, 2018 in order to be eligible for these ...

PHOENIX, AZ—JANUARY 27, 2019—The lightly raced Pakea Jr got his first career win Sunday when he defeated Jessa Cat by a neck in the $8,000 Turf Paradise Maiden Stake (not black type) at Turf Paradise. The fastest two qualifiers from the January 13th trials, One Famous Icon and One Sweet Boogie, were both scratched. Ridden by jockey Kevin Carbajal, Pakea Jr completed the 300 yards in :15.542 seconds, a 94 speed index over a fast racing surface. Owned-and-trained by Eddie Megariz, the New Mexico-bred son of leading sire Jesse James Jr has compiled a (4) 1-0-2 record. He picked up $4,811 for ...

SUNLAND PARK, NM—JANUARY 26, 2019—Ryansmanonthemoon (9-1) got up by a neck over Cd Mamas Boy to win the $211,142 Shue Fly Stakes(RG2) on Saturday at Sunland Racetrack & Casino. Woodys Copy Cat finished another neck back in a blanket finish to get third. Ridden by jockey Mauro Salcedo, Ryansmanonthemoon completed the 400 yards in :19.309 seconds, a 96 speed index with a 7 mph tailwind. It was his third win in 11 starts. The $99,237 winners' purse boosted the First Moonflash 3-year-old's earnings mark to $142,917. Cynthia Gonzalez saddled the New Mexico-bred gelding for owner/breeder's ...

SUNLAND PARK, NM—JANUARY 26, 2019—Favorite Eye N Capo, under jockey Jesse Levario, defeated Papaws Print by a neck in the $50,000 Rio Grande Handicap on Saturday at Sunland Park Racetrack & Casino. Jacky Martin 21 finished half-a-length back to take third. Saddled by trainer Josue Ponce, Eye N Capo completed the 350 yards in :17.278 ...

BOSSIER CITY, LA—JANUARY 26, 2019—There was something for every racing fan Saturday at Harrah’s Louisiana Downs. A very nice crowd was on hand to watch the Pegasus World Cup program from Gulfstream Park and enjoy the live Quarter Horse racing action. Two stakes were contested on the card with Bileve winning the $15,000 Swift Stakes (see related story) and Sweet Bru returning to the winner’s circle in the 14th running of the $25,000 Party Girl Stakes for accredited Louisiana-bred fillies and mares. Sweet Bru owned by Jose Ortiz, went to the gates as the 3-2 morning line ...

BOSSIER CITY, LA—JANUARY 26, 2019— Oklahoma-bred Bileve made the most of her first trip to Louisiana Downs, scoring her first career stakes win in the 350-yard $15,000 Swift Stakes, the first of a stakes double-header on Saturday at the racetrack. Owned by Fernando Beltran Rodriguez, the 5-year-old mare sired by ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—JANUARY 26, 2019—Jockey Vinnie Bednar has had a good week at Los Alamitos. On Thursday night, Bednar was named the Val Tonks Award winner presented to the top up-and-coming rider at Los Alamitos. On Friday night, Bednar won his first Quarter Horse stakes race of the year after piloting Ed Allred’s Well Good to a head victory over Ronnie Brooks Keller’s Twisted Sifter in the $25,000 Cypress Handicap at 350 yards. Bednar piloted 14 Quarter Horse winners in 2017, but he stepped up to a higher level in 2018. Riding Quarter Horses mostly for Allred and trainer Scott Willoughby, Bednar piloted 38 winners from just 201 ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—JANUARY 20, 2019— Zoomin For Spuds and He Looks Hot scored half-length victories in their respective trials to the Grade 1, $157,200 Brad McKinzie Los Alamitos Winter Championship on Sunday night. There was a malfunction of the electronic timer and photo finish in the second trial won by He Looks Hot. The racing stewards ...

PORTLAND, OR—JANUARY 20, 2019—Gc Harrys Game, a 3-year-old son of multiple stakes sire Carters Cartel, dominated the $14,350 Gary Chumbley Stakes (not black type), a race named in honor of his breeder, on Sunday at Portland Meadows by defeating Willy B Gone by 2-¼ lengths. Ridden by regular rider Robert Burney, the 3-year-old gelding completed the 350 yards over a sloppy racecourse in :17.702 seconds, earning a 104 speed index in the rain. Conditioned by trainer Scott Raley, Cg Harrys Game entered the race off a third-place effort in his last start—the $30,115 Baxter Andruss Oregon-Bred ...

PHOENIX, AZ—JANUARY 20, 2019—Despite a bobbled start and a bump out of the gate under jockey Kevin Carbajal, Reginas Royal Choice recovered nicely from to get a half-length win over Im Rocket Man in the $8,600 Early Derby (not black type) Sunday afternoon at Turf Paradise. Lookin Good was three-quarters of a length back to take third. Owner-trainer Guillermo Morales saddled the Royaltys Choice filly to her second career win from eight starts. The gray filly covered the 350 yards in :17.863 seconds, earning a 92-speed index into a 6 mph headwind. Coming off a third-place effort in the AQRA Southwest Futurity last month, she banked ...

SUNLAND PARK, NM—JANUARY 19, 2019—Dismissed at 35-1 odds, Marcus Medallion pulled off a huge upset to win the $85,000 Dona Ana County Handicap at Sunland Park Racetrack and Casino on Saturday. The six-year-old gelding turned the tables on heavily favored Major Bites to win the 440-yard test for older New Mexico-bred Quarter Horses. Mr Klee ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—JANUARY 19, 2019—Rosenthal Ranch's Powerful Favorite and Legacy Ranch's homebred Mister Appolitical were the only two Quarter Horses to qualify to Los Alamitos' three richest races of 2018 – the Ed Burke Million Futurity, Golden State Million Futurity and Los Alamitos Two Million Futurity. In their sophomore debuts, Powerful Favorite and Mister Appolitical were standouts once again, this time by winning their respective trials to the Grade 1, $198,700 Los Alamitos Winter Derby on Saturday night. Ridden by Eduardo Nicasio for trainer Chris O'Dell, Powerful Favorite finished with the fastest qualifying time of the night following his one-length victory in the ...

BOSSIER CITY, LA—JANUARY 19, 2019—Despite cool temperatures and stiff winds, Eysa Jess Jumpn overcame the conditions with another standout performance in the $25,000 Billy Montgomery Stakes Saturday afternoon at Harrah's Louisiana Downs. Breaking from post position nine under rider Guadalupe Lucio, Jr., the daughter of ...

BOSSIER CITY, LA—JANUARY 19, 2019—Quentonian won the third of six 350-yard trials run this afternoon (Saturday) for the $49,874 Louisiana Downs Maiden Stake at Louisiana Downs. Owned by Gilbert Morales, the 3-year-old was bred by Kirby Bruchhaus was making his ninth career start. Breaking from the rail under rider Guadalupe Lucio, Jr, the gelded son of Sir Runaway Dash out of the Stawflyin Buds mare Tailor Dayne sprinted to the wire in:17.526 seconds. Trained by Josue Huitron, Quentonian came into his trial off three second-place finishes, but broke alertly and won by 2-¾ ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—JANUARY 13, 2019—Run Raging Rhino Run gave owner Dan J. Wilson his first ever stakes victory after outdueling Grade 1 stakes winner Mickey Ward by 1-¼ lengths in the $20,000 Barbra B Handicap at 500 yards on Sunday at Los Alamitos. "Thirty five years as an owner and this is my first stakes win," Wilson said. "This is a special horse. We bought him with some partners up in Idaho, the Giltners. We raced his mom, who was a stakes placed filly. This one (Run Raging Rhino Run) was an orphan and my mom, Esther, actually raised him since he was a couple of weeks old. Every four hours she was getting up to give him his milk ...

PHOENIX, AZ—JANUARY 13, 2019—The royally-bred One Famous Icon, a brother to AQHA Racing champion and leading sire One Famous Eagle, broke his maiden Sunday while setting the top qualifying time for the Turf Paradise Maiden Stake (not back type) at Turf Paradise. The 10 fastest qualifiers, from two trial races contested Sunday afternoon, will return to the Phoenix racetrack on Sunday, January 27th to vie for the winner's share of a $5,000 purse going 350 yards. In the opening trial, under jockey Joseph Belloc, Jr., One Famous Icon defeated One Sweet Boogie by three-quarters to post the top ...

BOSSIER CITY, LA—JANUARY 12, 2019—Jes A Spitfire scored her first career stakes today at Harrah's Louisiana Downs, taking the $15,000 Marathon Stakes, in front-running fashion. This was the 14th running of the 870-yard feature and attracted a solid field of distance specialists. Owned by Vickie Davis and trained by her husband, Joe Davis, the 5-year-old daughter of Walk Thru Fire of the Mr Jess Perry mare Jess Delightful was bred in Indiana by Jaime H. Gomez. Stakes-placed last year in the Streakin La Jolla at Louisiana Downs, this was just her second start at 870 yards and first stakes win. ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—JANUARY 11, 2019—Trainer Jesus Nunez won his 500th Quarter Horse race at Los Alamitos after saddling EG High Desert Farms’ Eagles Policy to victory in the 7th race on Friday night. Nunez is the 19th trainer to reach the mark at the Orange County track. Nunez has won a total of 535 Quarter Horse at all tracks during his career. In 2018, Nunez saddled Jess Ravin to victory in the Grade 1 Mildred Vessels Memorial Handicap. The trainer also saddled the champion Buccaneer Beach to victory in the Grade 1 Los Alamitos Winter ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—JANUARY 6, 2019—Parsons Family Limited Partnership's Thermonuclear Energy finished second in the 2018 running of the Charger Bar Handicap, but the 6-year-old Walk Thru Fire mare would not be denied in 2019, as she outdueled Johnny Trotter's One Sweet Racy by a half-length to win the Grade 1, $100,000 Charger Bar on Sunday at ...

PHOENIX, AZ—JANUARY 6, 2019—One Spicy Eagle, under jockey Andres Osuna drove to a half-length victory over Sweet Babie James in the $7,800 Dash For The Cash Stakes (not black type) Sunday afternoon at Turf Paradise. A finalist in the AQRA Turf Paradise Derby on December 9, One Spicy Eagle completed the 250 yards in :13.288 seconds, equaling a 101 speed index over the sloppy sealed racetrack. Trainer Raul Valenzuela saddled the Texas-bred daughter of leading sire One Famous Eagle for owner Angel Valenzuela. Bred by Janet McKinnerney, the ...

BOSSIER CITY, LA—JANUARY 5, 2019—Harrah’s Louisiana Downs kicked off its 2019 American Quarter Horse season on Saturday afternoon with sunny skies and a riveting finish in the $15,000 Harrah’s Dash. Joe M. Davis’ Fast N Famous Eagle, runner up to Scoopies Leaving You in last year’s edition of the stakes, surged down the center of the track under jockey Everardo Rodriguez in close tandem with The Golden Bowl and Three Bar Cartel. The photo finish revealed Fast N Famous Eagle as the winner, covering 250-yards in a swift :13.002 over a fast ...

SUNLAND PARK, NM—JANUARY 4, 2019—Hs Paul Walker, under jockey Alonso Rivera, defeated Igotmybiggirljeanson by a neck Friday afternoon at Sunland Park Racetrack & Casino to set the top qualifying time for the $211,090 Shue Fly Stakes(RG3). The 10 fastest qualifiers, from the 48 New Mexico state-breds who competed in five trial races, will ...

SUNLAND PARK, NM—DECEMBER 30, 2018—Reigning back-to-back world champion Jesses First Down capped off a perfect 4-for-4 season on Sunday when he defeated Jess Bein The Hero by one-length in the Grade 1 $350,000 Championship at Sunland Park. Major Bites finished a neck back in the show position. Under champion jockey Rodrigo Vallejo, Jessies First Down completed the 440 yards in :231.156 seconds, a 103 speed index with a 6 mph tailwind to pick up this fourth consecutive grade 1 win of the year. The son of leading sire FDD Dynasty kicked off the season with a win in the Leo Stakes (G1), ...

SUNLAND PARK, NM—DECEMBER 30, 2018—First N Forever (6-1), under jockey Felipe Garcia-Luna, drifted out and dueled to a lead over Mamacita Cartel by a neck in the $85,000 Lou Wooten and Sydney Valentini Handicap (RG2) Sunday afternoon at Sunland Park. Regard The Rose finished a nose back in the blanket finish to take third. Saddled by ...

PHOENIX, AZ—DECEMBER 30, 2018—Jess A Cowboy, under jockey Mark Jasso, drew clear of Liddle Doc by two- lengths Sunday to win the $17,500 Turf Paradise Quarter Horse Championship. Dragon On The Moon finished a head back in the show position. Saddled by leading trainer Matthew Fales, multiple stakes winner Jess A Cowboy raced over the 440 yards in :21.858 seconds, a 96 speed index into a 3 mph headwind, to take the winner's purse of ...

PHOENIX, AZ—DECEMBER 30, 2018—Juz Cuz, under jockey Mark Jasso, raced to his second consecutive win Sunday when he defeated Babe Watchin by half-a-length in the $16,150 AQRA Southwest Futurity at Turf Paradise. Reginas Royal Choice finished a head back for third. Saddled by trainer Matthew Fales, Juz Cuz raced over the 350 yards in :17.896 seconds into a 3 mph headwind to pick up the winners' purse valued at $8,075. Osvaldo Venegas ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—DECEMBER 29, 2018—The final stakes race of the year at Los Alamitos, the $20,000 Holiday Handicap for 2-year-olds at 350-yards, went to Keith Nellesen's promising juvenile Corona By Corona, as he raced beautifully from post number six on the way to a half-length victory on Saturday night. Ridden for the first time by Carlos Huerta for trainer Paul Jones, Corona By Corona broke sharply and dueled early with Moon Me Blue and Purty Fancy Dude. He took control of the race after the first 150 yards and from there cruised to his third win in nine career starts. Tom Bradbury and Lila Kessinger's Purty Fancy Dude ...

SUNLAND PARK, NM—DECEMBER 28, 2018—10-1 long shot Daddys Blushing won the $85,000 Jess Burner Memorial Handicap(RG1) on the Friday opening day card of the 60th anniversary season at Sunland Park Racetrack and Casino. The 2017 Mountain Top Futurity winner was let go at large odds despite carrying a bankroll of nearly a quarter million dollars. Trained by Jackie Riddle, Daddys Blushing earned a hard fought head victory over both Percyjones and Mr Klee who dead heated for second place. ...

PORTLAND, OR—DECEMBER 23, 2018—Forwarded placed, Hes A Bugin moved between horses then dug-in under jockey Robert Burney to defeat Heza Gamer by a neck in the $13,450 Holiday Handicap (not black type) Sunday afternoon at Portland Meadows. L Bar D Bonnie Lee finished half-a-length back off the inside rail to get third. Saddled by trainer ...

PORTLAND, OR—DECEMBER 23, 2018—Cm One Ina Bluemoon, under jockey Alex Anaya, got away best then pulled clear to defeat Warhock by 1-¼ lengths in the $12,600 Memorial Stakes (not black type) Sunday afternoon at Portland Meadows. Posttime favorite Okey Dokey Road put in a game effort on the outside to finish a neck back in third. Saddled by ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—DECEMBER 16, 2018—With an incredible burst of speed out of the gate, Scott Bryant's Flash And Roll took control of the Grade 1, $1,878,425 Los Alamitos Two Million Futurity right from the start and never looked back on the way to winning California's richest horse race of 2018 by 1-½ lengths over fastest qualifier Ali Babe ...

CYPRESS, CA—DECEMBER 16, 2018—Trainer Justin Joiner also saddled $30,000 Los Alamitos Juvenile winner Fyre Wall, under champion jockey Cody Jensen, on Sunday night for owners R.D. and Shaun Hubbard. In just his third career start, Frye Wall defeated Heza Blue Man by half-a-length while clocking the 400 yards in :19.864 seconds, a 90 speed ...

PORTLAND, OR—DECEMBER 16, 2018—Loosin My Lover (45-1) battled to the wire to defeat Willy B Gone by a head and post-time favorite Gc Harrys Game in a blanket finish Sunday for the $30,115 Baxter Andruss Futurity at Portland Meadows. Ridden by jockey Erick Garcia, the Sixteen (TB) gelding completed the 400 yards in :20.402 seconds over a ...

PHOENIX, AZ—DECEMBER 16, 2018—Lett Her Bea, under jockey Mark Jasso, scored her second straight win on Sunday when she defeated One Spicy Eagle by a neck in the $7,500 Dashing All The Way Stakes (not black type) at Turf Paradise. One Spicy Eagle was disqualified for interference and placed fourth, moving Senorita Corona Chic to second and ...

PHOENIX, AZ—DECEMBER 16, 2018—Shenanigans Regard got his first career win Sunday after drawing off by one-length over Jay Collins in the $8,600 Maiden Stakes (not black type) at Turf Paradise. Ridden by jockey Emilio Tapia, Shenanigans Regard completed the 300 yards in a quick :15.395 clocking into an 11 mph crosswind to earn a 99 speed ...

LOS ALAMITOS, CA—DECEMBER 15, 2018—Over a decade ago, 11 years to be exact, Johnny and Jana Trotter celebrated in partnership with Burnett Ranches LLC their victory with One Famous Eagle in the Los Alamitos Two Million Futurity. "I told Jana when ...

OPELOUSAS, LA—DECEMBER 15, 2018—Mpshinning was the fastest qualifier for tonight’s $1,000,000 LQHBA Louisiana Million (RG1) and he lived up to the advanced billing by not only winning the race, but setting a new Evangeline Downs track record. He completed the 400-yard distance in a time of :19.405 seconds, equaling a speed index of 106 over ...

OPELOUSAS, LA—DECEMBER 15, 2018—Much like LQHBA Million Futurity(RG1) winner Mpshinning, Jordan Eagle was the fastest qualifier from the trials for the $311,470 Evangeline Downs Futurity and he came through with a victory as well, surviving a photo with the game Wii B in a final time of :19.455 seconds for the 400-yards, equaling a speed index ...

OPELOUSAS, LA—DECEMBER 15, 2018—Reliable and talented as always, Dashnunder Afullmoon picked up another stakes victory in the $266,560 LQHBA Breeders’ Derby on Saturday night at Evangeline.

Dashnunder Afullmoon ($3.60) was the post-time favorite in the field of ten, and she was the second fastest qualifier from three trials held in ...

OPELOUSAS, LA—DECEMBER 15, 2018—Stone Cold Leader rallied after starting last in the field of nine to win the $160,010 Evangeline Downs Derby on Saturday's action-packed heavy stakes card at Evangeline Downs. Stone Cold Leader got by the betting favorite, Jess Adalida, in the final strides to score the victory in a final time of :19.458 ...

OPELOUSAS, LA—DECEMBER 15, 2018 —A night of stakes at Evangeline Downs, including the LQHBA Million Futurity, started with a $40,000 Invitational Stakes for horses that did not qualify for the final. The 400-yard event came down to the wire, with Heza Made Man and Rolando Pina putting a neck in front of Fast Dashin Perry and Rolando Cabrera.

The Invitational was the first career win in a stakes race for the 2-year-old gelding, who had one previous win, a maiden race also at ...

OPELOUSAS, LA—DECEMBER 15, 2018—Cobalt Creek, the logical favorite in the $30,000 Evangeline Downs 550 Stakes, was an impressive winner in the distance stakes on Saturday night. The 6-year-old gelding went gate to wire in the 550-yard race, stopping the clock in :26.929 to earn a speed index of 108.

Gilbert Ortiz, who often rides the ...

OPELOUSAS, LAA—DECEMBER 15, 2018—/i>Eye N Capo took advantage of a clean trip in the final stakes of the Saturday night card at Evangeline Downs, the $30,000 Sam’s Town. The post-time favorite chased Ms Leaving You throughout the race to win by a neck.

Final time for the 350-yard race was :17.430; Eye N Capo earned a 101 speed index. ...